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.\" ========================================================================
.\"
.IX Title "File::Basename 3"
.TH File::Basename 3 "2001-09-21" "perl v5.8.8" "Perl Programmers Reference Guide"
.SH "NAME"
File::Basename \- Parse file paths into directory, filename and suffix.
.SH "SYNOPSIS"
.IX Header "SYNOPSIS"
.Vb 1
\&    use File::Basename;
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    ($name,$path,$suffix) = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist);
\&    $name = fileparse($fullname,@suffixlist);
.Ve
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    $basename = basename($fullname,@suffixlist);
\&    $dirname  = dirname($fullname);
.Ve
.SH "DESCRIPTION"
.IX Header "DESCRIPTION"
These routines allow you to parse file paths into their directory, filename
and suffix.
.PP
\&\fB\s-1NOTE\s0\fR: \f(CW\*(C`dirname()\*(C'\fR and \f(CW\*(C`basename()\*(C'\fR emulate the behaviours, and
quirks, of the shell and C functions of the same name.  See each
function's documentation for details.  If your concern is just parsing
paths it is safer to use File::Spec's \f(CW\*(C`splitpath()\*(C'\fR and
\&\f(CW\*(C`splitdir()\*(C'\fR methods.
.PP
It is guaranteed that
.PP
.Vb 2
\&    # Where $path_separator is / for Unix, \e for Windows, etc...
\&    dirname($path) . $path_separator . basename($path);
.Ve
.PP
is equivalent to the original path for all systems but \s-1VMS\s0.
.ie n .IP """fileparse""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWfileparse\fR" 4
.IX Item "fileparse"
.Vb 3
\&    my($filename, $directories, $suffix) = fileparse($path);
\&    my($filename, $directories, $suffix) = fileparse($path, @suffixes);
\&    my $filename                         = fileparse($path, @suffixes);
.Ve
.Sp
The \f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR routine divides a file path into its \f(CW$directories\fR, \f(CW$filename\fR
and (optionally) the filename \f(CW$suffix\fR.
.Sp
$directories contains everything up to and including the last
directory separator in the \f(CW$path\fR including the volume (if applicable).
The remainder of the \f(CW$path\fR is the \f(CW$filename\fR.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&     # On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar/", "")
\&     fileparse("/foo/bar/baz");
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&     # On Windows returns ("baz", "C:\efoo\ebar\e", "")
\&     fileparse("C:\efoo\ebar\ebaz");
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&     # On Unix returns ("", "/foo/bar/baz/", "")
\&     fileparse("/foo/bar/baz/");
.Ve
.Sp
If \f(CW@suffixes\fR are given each element is a pattern (either a string or a
\&\f(CW\*(C`qr//\*(C'\fR) matched against the end of the \f(CW$filename\fR.  The matching
portion is removed and becomes the \f(CW$suffix\fR.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&     # On Unix returns ("baz", "/foo/bar", ".txt")
\&     fileparse("/foo/bar/baz", qr/\e.[^.]*/);
.Ve
.Sp
If type is non-Unix (see \f(CW\*(C`fileparse_set_fstype()\*(C'\fR) then the pattern
matching for suffix removal is performed case\-insensitively, since
those systems are not case-sensitive when opening existing files.
.Sp
You are guaranteed that \f(CW\*(C`$directories . $filename . $suffix\*(C'\fR will
denote the same location as the original \f(CW$path\fR.
.ie n .IP """basename""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWbasename\fR" 4
.IX Item "basename"
.Vb 2
\&    my $filename = basename($path);
\&    my $filename = basename($path, @suffixes);
.Ve
.Sp
This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell command 
\&\f(CWbasename(1)\fR.  It does \fB\s-1NOT\s0\fR always return the file name portion of a
path as you might expect.  To be safe, if you want the file name portion of
a path use \f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
\&\f(CW\*(C`basename()\*(C'\fR returns the last level of a filepath even if the last
level is clearly directory.  In effect, it is acting like \f(CW\*(C`pop()\*(C'\fR for
paths.  This differs from \f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR's behaviour.
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&    # Both return "bar"
\&    basename("/foo/bar");
\&    basename("/foo/bar/");
.Ve
.Sp
@suffixes work as in \f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR except all regex metacharacters are
quoted.
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&    # These two function calls are equivalent.
\&    my $filename = basename("/foo/bar/baz.txt",  ".txt");
\&    my $filename = fileparse("/foo/bar/baz.txt", qr/\eQ.txt\eE/);
.Ve
.Sp
Also note that in order to be compatible with the shell command,
\&\f(CW\*(C`basename()\*(C'\fR does not strip off a suffix if it is identical to the
remaining characters in the filename.
.ie n .IP """dirname""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWdirname\fR" 4
.IX Item "dirname"
This function is provided for compatibility with the Unix shell
command \f(CWdirname(1)\fR and has inherited some of its quirks.  In spite of
its name it does \fB\s-1NOT\s0\fR always return the directory name as you might
expect.  To be safe, if you want the directory name of a path use
\&\f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR.
.Sp
Only on \s-1VMS\s0 (where there is no ambiguity between the file and directory
portions of a path) and AmigaOS (possibly due to an implementation quirk in
this module) does \f(CW\*(C`dirname()\*(C'\fR work like \f(CW\*(C`fileparse($path)\*(C'\fR, returning just the
\&\f(CW$directories\fR.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&    # On VMS and AmigaOS
\&    my $directories = dirname($path);
.Ve
.Sp
When using Unix or \s-1MSDOS\s0 syntax this emulates the \f(CWdirname(1)\fR shell function
which is subtly different from how \f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR works.  It returns all but
the last level of a file path even if the last level is clearly a directory.
In effect, it is not returning the directory portion but simply the path one
level up acting like \f(CW\*(C`chop()\*(C'\fR for file paths.
.Sp
Also unlike \f(CW\*(C`fileparse()\*(C'\fR, \f(CW\*(C`dirname()\*(C'\fR does not include a trailing slash on
its returned path.
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&    # returns /foo/bar.  fileparse() would return /foo/bar/
\&    dirname("/foo/bar/baz");
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 3
\&    # also returns /foo/bar despite the fact that baz is clearly a 
\&    # directory.  fileparse() would return /foo/bar/baz/
\&    dirname("/foo/bar/baz/");
.Ve
.Sp
.Vb 2
\&    # returns '.'.  fileparse() would return 'foo/'
\&    dirname("foo/");
.Ve
.Sp
Under \s-1VMS\s0, if there is no directory information in the \f(CW$path\fR, then the
current default device and directory is used.
.ie n .IP """fileparse_set_fstype""" 4
.el .IP "\f(CWfileparse_set_fstype\fR" 4
.IX Item "fileparse_set_fstype"
.Vb 2
\&  my $type = fileparse_set_fstype();
\&  my $previous_type = fileparse_set_fstype($type);
.Ve
.Sp
Normally File::Basename will assume a file path type native to your current
operating system (ie. /foo/bar style on Unix, \efoo\ebar on Windows, etc...).
With this function you can override that assumption.
.Sp
Valid \f(CW$types\fR are \*(L"MacOS\*(R", \*(L"\s-1VMS\s0\*(R", \*(L"AmigaOS\*(R", \*(L"\s-1OS2\s0\*(R", \*(L"\s-1RISCOS\s0\*(R",
\&\*(L"MSWin32\*(R", \*(L"\s-1DOS\s0\*(R" (also \*(L"\s-1MSDOS\s0\*(R" for backwards bug compatibility),
\&\*(L"Epoc\*(R" and \*(L"Unix\*(R" (all case\-insensitive).  If an unrecognized \f(CW$type\fR is
given \*(L"Unix\*(R" will be assumed.
.Sp
If you've selected \s-1VMS\s0 syntax, and the file specification you pass to
one of these routines contains a \*(L"/\*(R", they assume you are using Unix
emulation and apply the Unix syntax rules instead, for that function
call only.
.SH "SEE ALSO"
.IX Header "SEE ALSO"
\&\fIdirname\fR\|(1), \fIbasename\fR\|(1), File::Spec