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<H1><A NAME="SECTION00151100000000000000000">
13.11 <tt class="module">xml.sax.saxutils</tt> --
SAX Utilities</A>
</H1>
<P>
<A NAME="module-xml.sax.saxutils"></A>
<P>
<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.0.</span>
<P>
The module <tt class="module">xml.sax.saxutils</tt> contains a number of classes and
functions that are commonly useful when creating SAX applications,
either in direct use, or as base classes.
<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4509' xml:id='l2h-4509' class="function">escape</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>data</var><big>[</big><var>, entities</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Escape "<tt class="character">&</tt>", "<tt class="character"><</tt>", and "<tt class="character">></tt>" in a string
of data.
<P>
You can escape other strings of data by passing a dictionary as the
optional <var>entities</var> parameter. The keys and values must all be
strings; each key will be replaced with its corresponding value.
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4510' xml:id='l2h-4510' class="function">unescape</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>data</var><big>[</big><var>, entities</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Unescape "<tt class="character">&amp;</tt>", "<tt class="character">&lt;</tt>", and "<tt class="character">&gt;</tt>"
in a string of data.
<P>
You can unescape other strings of data by passing a dictionary as the
optional <var>entities</var> parameter. The keys and values must all be
strings; each key will be replaced with its corresponding value.
<P>
<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.3.</span>
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4511' xml:id='l2h-4511' class="function">quoteattr</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>data</var><big>[</big><var>, entities</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
Similar to <tt class="function">escape()</tt>, but also prepares <var>data</var> to be
used as an attribute value. The return value is a quoted version of
<var>data</var> with any additional required replacements.
<tt class="function">quoteattr()</tt> will select a quote character based on the
content of <var>data</var>, attempting to avoid encoding any quote
characters in the string. If both single- and double-quote
characters are already in <var>data</var>, the double-quote characters
will be encoded and <var>data</var> will be wrapped in double-quotes. The
resulting string can be used directly as an attribute value:
<P>
<div class="verbatim"><pre>
>>> print "<element attr=%s>" % quoteattr("ab ' cd \" ef")
<element attr="ab ' cd &quot; ef">
</pre></div>
<P>
This function is useful when generating attribute values for HTML or
any SGML using the reference concrete syntax.
<span class="versionnote">New in version 2.2.</span>
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-4512' xml:id='l2h-4512' class="class">XMLGenerator</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var></var><big>[</big><var>out</var><big>[</big><var>, encoding</var><big>]</big><var></var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
This class implements the <tt class="class">ContentHandler</tt> interface by
writing SAX events back into an XML document. In other words, using
an <tt class="class">XMLGenerator</tt> as the content handler will reproduce the
original document being parsed. <var>out</var> should be a file-like
object which will default to <var>sys.stdout</var>. <var>encoding</var> is the
encoding of the output stream which defaults to <code>'iso-8859-1'</code>.
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><span class="typelabel">class</span> <tt id='l2h-4513' xml:id='l2h-4513' class="class">XMLFilterBase</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>base</var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
This class is designed to sit between an <tt class="class">XMLReader</tt> and the
client application's event handlers. By default, it does nothing
but pass requests up to the reader and events on to the handlers
unmodified, but subclasses can override specific methods to modify
the event stream or the configuration requests as they pass through.
</dl>
<P>
<dl><dt><table cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0"><tr valign="baseline">
<td><nobr><b><tt id='l2h-4514' xml:id='l2h-4514' class="function">prepare_input_source</tt></b>(</nobr></td>
<td><var>source</var><big>[</big><var>, base</var><big>]</big><var></var>)</td></tr></table></dt>
<dd>
This function takes an input source and an optional base URL and
returns a fully resolved <tt class="class">InputSource</tt> object ready for
reading. The input source can be given as a string, a file-like
object, or an <tt class="class">InputSource</tt> object; parsers will use this
function to implement the polymorphic <var>source</var> argument to their
<tt class="method">parse()</tt> method.
</dl>
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